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Evolution of Semantic Layers and Knowledge Graphs: Pivotal Components for KM

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The road from raw data to human consumption has often been a rocky one. Structured data needed to get over many hurdles to become meaningful and useful to end users. Unstructured data was messy and hard to analyze. And the two were often difficult to piece together into that much sought-after holistic view. The use of semantic layers and the emergence of knowledge graphs are helping them converge and bring ease of insights to KM.

Up through the mid-2000s, users who needed analyses from business intelligence systems had to request reports from IT rather than interacting directly with the data and often waited days or weeks for the results. The introduction of Tableau about 20 years ago provided a user-friendly, drag-and-drop method for analyzing and visualizing structured data, creating SQL queries behind the scenes. Other similar products followed. All of these products rely on a semantic layer that translates the raw data into reports or visualizations to support decision making.

The introduction of natural language interfaces made access to structured data even easier. Data platforms such as Databricks and Snowflake embedded semantic layers in their products. When barriers arose because users could not search across multiple data sources using the same interface, universal semantic layers were developed to allow analysis of structured data from multiple sources. Products such as Kyvos and AtScale govern business-level definitions and are accessible as a single trusted source of truth by BI tools and data platforms. This approach not only supports consistent results for human users but is essential for AI agents, which often need to access multiple data sources in order to accomplish their purpose.

Semantic Layers for Unstructured Data

Providing a semantic layer for structured data is relatively straightforward compared to dealing with the other 80% of corporate knowledge, which is in the form of unstructured information. “The semantic layer is not a product, a tool, or a specific solution,” said Lulit Tesfaye, partner and VP of knowledge and data services at Enterprise Knowledge, LLC. “Rather, it is a framework through which organizations can connect all of their knowledge.” Enterprise Knowledge is a consultancy dedicated to KM, originally assisting its clients with taxonomies and enterprise search and now focusing on knowledge graphs and ontologies.

Tesfaye cited the components of the semantic layer framework—knowledge assets, business glossary, metadata, taxonomy, and the knowledge graph. The value of knowledge graphs to KM is exemplified by an overseas wealth management organization that Enterprise Knowledge worked with to unify its view of its information. “The company had eight different systems for making deals and 12 that were centered around investments,” explained Joe Hilger, co-founder and COO of Enterprise Knowledge, LLC, “but they could not get a clear picture of what they had.”

Enterprise Knowledge pulled the most important information together, putting it into a single lens that showed everything about the company and all its deals. “They did not have a clear picture of the status of their deals,” Hilger commented, “and had previously attempted an AI solution that they deemed unsuccessful.” After organizing their metadata, creating ontologies, and developing a knowledge graph, the company was able to have an overall view of their activities and produce in 1 day a report that had previously taken 3 weeks. “They were able to gain insights into the state of their deals and achieve more leverage in their decision making,” noted Hilger.

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